gpo醫(yī)學(xué)上是什么意思？

GPO是20世紀(jì)初期美國(guó)的一個(gè)藥品集中采購(gòu)組織。

20世紀(jì)初期，美國(guó)藥品集中采購(gòu)組織（Group purchasing organizations,簡(jiǎn)稱GPO或者GPOs）出現(xiàn)，通過(guò)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將醫(yī)院的需求通過(guò)GPO這樣的采購(gòu)中介進(jìn)行集中采購(gòu)。

GPO的出現(xiàn)為醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的成本節(jié)約，減少美國(guó)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用上漲的壓力起到了一定的作用。

從20世紀(jì)50年代末至20世紀(jì)90年代初，美國(guó)GPO數(shù)量不斷增長(zhǎng)；采購(gòu)商品也從初期購(gòu)買(mǎi)大量的一次性用品（如注射器、導(dǎo)管和藥品）逐漸加入了化妝品、醫(yī)療器械、手術(shù)耗材、辦公用品、膳食等。服務(wù)對(duì)象也不斷擴(kuò)大，覆蓋醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)，診所，個(gè)人診所，療養(yǎng)院等。

去美國(guó)帶藥品有規(guī)定嗎

法律分析：美國(guó)食品和藥品管理局（FDA）對(duì)攜帶藥品入境有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定，即使某些藥物具有其他國(guó)家的醫(yī)生處方，在其他國(guó)家是合法的，只要其未經(jīng)FDA批準(zhǔn)就不能入境。美海關(guān)建議入境者僅攜帶旅途適量必需的藥物。如需攜帶的藥物中含有潛在的成癮性或麻醉劑成分，請(qǐng)務(wù)必向海關(guān)官員申報(bào)攜帶的所有藥物。中國(guó)公民入境美國(guó)時(shí)，請(qǐng)一定避免攜帶含有麻黃堿、士的寧、嗎啡、動(dòng)物或動(dòng)物器官等成分的中藥或中成藥。

法律依據(jù)：美國(guó)《Unapproved Drugs》

Preserving Patient Access to Medically Necessary Drugs

The agency balances its goal to eliminate unapproved prescription drugs from the market with patient access to medically necessary drugs. FDA carefully considers the possible effects on patient access, including whether any action would likely lead to a disruption in the drug supply, before initiating an action against an unapproved drug.

The agency permits some unapproved drugs to be marketed if they are relied on by health care professionals to treat serious medical conditions when there is no FDA-approved drug to treat the condition or there is insufficient supply of FDA-approved drugs.

FDA Approval is Required by Law

Federal law requires all new drugs in the U.S. be shown to be safe and effective for their intended use prior to marketing. However, some drugs are available in the U.S. even though they have never received the required FDA approval. Many health care professionals and patients are unaware that some of the drugs prescribed are not FDA approved.

FDA permits some unapproved prescription drugs to be marketed if:

the drug is subject to an open drug efficacy study implementation (DESI) program proceeding,

health care professionals rely on the drug to treat serious medical conditions when there is no FDA-approved drug to treat the condition,

there is insufficient supply of an FDA-approved drug.

The law allows some unapproved prescription drugs to be lawfully marketed if they meet the criteria of generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) or grandfathered. However, the agency is not aware of any human prescription drug that is lawfully marketed as grandfathered.